---
election_year: 1983
party_id: liberal
party_name: Liberal Party
party_leader: David Steel
political_spectrum: centre
victory: false
government_outcome: opposition
sections:
  - economy
  - taxation
  - health
  - education
  - housing
  - defence
  - foreign-policy
  - environment
  - transport
  - law-and-order
  - welfare
  - democracy-and-constitution
  - agriculture
  - energy
  - science-and-technology
  - local-government
---

# Liberal Democrats Manifesto 1983

**Liberal / SDP / Libdem Manifestos**

---

## Working Together for Britain

## Programme for Government

The General Election on June 9th 1983 will be seen as a watershed in British politics. It may
be recalled as the fateful day when depression became hopelessness and the slide of the
post-war years accelerated into the depths of decline. Alternatively it may be remembered as
the turning point when the people of this country, at the eleventh hour, decided to turn their
backs on dogma and bitterness and chose a new road of partnership and progress.

It is to offer real hope of a fresh start for Britain that the Alliance between our two parties
has been created. What we have done is unique in the history of British parliamentary
democracy. Two parties, one with a proud history, and one born only two years ago out of a
frustration with the old system of politics, have come together to offer an alternative
government pledged to bring the country together again.

The Conservative and Labour parties between them have made an industrial wasteland out of a
country which was once the workshop of the world. Manufacturing output from Britain is back to
the level of nearly 20 years ago. Unemployment is still rising and there are now generations
of school-leavers who no longer even hope for work. Mrs Thatcher's government stands idly
by. hoping that the blind forces of the marketplace will restore the jobs and factories that
its indifference has destroyed. The Labour Party's response is massive further
nationalisation, a centralised state socialist economy and rigid controls over enterprise. The
choice which Tories and Socialists offer at this election is one between neglect and
interference. Neither of them understands that it is only by working together in the companies
and communities of Britain that we can overcome the economic problems which beset us.

Meanwhile the very fabric of our common life together deteriorates. The record wave of violence
and crime and increased personal stress are all signs of a society at war with itself. Rundown
cities and declining rural services alike tell a story of a warped sense of priorities by
successive governments. Our social services have become bureaucratic and remote from the people
they are supposed to serve. Mrs Thatcher promised 'to bring harmony where there is
discord'. Instead her own example of confrontation has inflamed the bitterness so many
people feel at what has happened to their own lives and local communities.

Our Alliance wants to call a halt to confrontation politics. We believe we have set an example
by working together as two separate parties within an alliance of principle. Our whole approach
is based on co-operation: not just between our parties but between management and workers,
between people of different races and above all between government and people. Because we are
not the prisoners of ideology we shall listen to the people we represent and ensure that the
good sense of the voters is allowed to illuminate the corridors of Westminster and Whitehall.
The TUC and CBI, each paying the bills for the party it supports, have been too much listened
to and ordinary people have been heard too little.

We do not believe that all wisdom resides in one party, or even in the two parties of the
Alliance. There are men and women of sense and goodwill n both the other parties. But they
have opted out and allowed the demands of the old party politics to make the House of Commons
the most noisily partisan assembly in the Western World.

Our concern is for the long-term, not just for tomorrow. We do not want to solve our immediate
problems by piling up new crises for future generations. So when we plan for industrial
recovery, we are not simply seeking growth for growth's sake. We want an increase in the
sort of economic activity which will provide real jobs, which will rebuild our decaying
infrastructure, which will conserve energy, and which will re-use and recycle materials rather
than wasting them. We want to invest in education and housing since our long-term future
depends upon the skill and maturity of the next generation. The lavish promises and the
class- war rhetoric of the Conservative and Labour manifestos have no place in our Programme
for Government. We offer instead a sober assessment of the first steps back to economic health
and social well-being. But the vision which unites us is of a nation of free people working
together in harmony, respecting each other's rights and freedom and sharing in each
other's success. To achieve these hopes, we must not only change failed policies. We must
reform the institutions which produced them.

When we advocate a fairer voting system we are therefore talking neither about a constitutional
abstraction nor the self-interest of a new political force. Of course we want fairness for
ourselves, but even more do we demand a change in the interests of the majority, whose wishes
are increasingly distorted by the pull of the extremes. This is in the interests of the
cohesion of the country, for it is wrong and dangerous that one big party should be a stranger
to the areas of prosperity and the other an incomprehending alien in the areas of deprivation.
It is also in the interests of a more stable political and economic direction, without which
those who work in industry, public or private, or in the community services, will not have the
framework within which to plan for the future.

We believe that Britain needs the fresh start of the Alliance even more in 1983 than it did in
the heady days of our birth in 1981. The Labour Party has not become more moderate. The
extremists have been taken out of the shop window; they have not been removed from the shop.
The policies of nationalisation, attacks on private enterprise, withdrawal from Europe, with
its devastating effect upon our exports and investment prospects, and alienation of our
international friends and allies, are all enthroned and inviolate. Jobs and national safety
would be at risk.

Mrs Thatcher offers no alternative of hope or of long-term stability. Some of her objectives
were good. Britain needed a shake-up: lower inflation, more competitive industry and a prospect
of industrial growth to catch back the ground we had lost over the years. But the Government
has not succeeded. After a bad start it has got lower inflation, but the prospects even for
the end of this year are not good. And the price paid has been appalling. British industry has
seen record bankruptcies and liquidations. Unemployment has increased on twice the scale of the
world recession.

Prospects for the future are more important than arguing about the failures of the past. The
last four years could be forgiven if we now had a springboard for the future. We do not. At
best we have a prospect of bumping along the bottom. On present policies the 80's will be
a worse decade for unemployment than the 30's. Nearly a half of those without a job in
1933 got one by 1937. By 1987, if we continue as we are, unemployment will be at least as bad
as in 1983. As a reaction, if the old two-party system is allowed to continue, we shall then
lurch into the most extreme left-wing Government we have ever known.

The Alliance can rescue us from this. There is no need for hopelessness. By giving a moderate
and well-directed stimulus to the economy, accompanied by a firm and fair incomes policy, we
can change the trend and begin to get people back to work. Unlike the Labour Party. we would
do it in a way which encouraged private business. We believe in enterprise and profit, and in
sharing the fruits of these.

Beyond that, further success will depend upon the international climate. That is not wholly
ours to command. But it does not intimidate us. The world is looking for a lead. Concerted
expansion, greater currency stability, a recognition of interdependence between poorer and
richer countries are all possible and necessary. We need the vision and sense of enlightened
self-interest which produced the Marshall Plan and pulled post-war Europe together.

It is an opportunity for Britain. We yearn for a world role and are qualified by our history
and experience to perform one.

The Alliance is unashamedly internationalist. We cannot live in a bunker. We are for a British
lead in Europe, for multilateral disarmament and for a new drive to increase our own prosperity
by co-operating with others to reduce poverty and squalor throughout the world. We offer
reconciliation at home and constructive leadership abroad. We are not ashamed to set our sights
high.

**David Steel**

*Leader of the Liberal Party*

**Roy Jenkins**

*Leader of the Social Democratic Party*

## The Immediate Crisis: Jobs and Prices

Our economic crisis demands tough immediate action. It also requires a Government with the
courage to implement those strategic and structural reforms which alone can end the civil war
between the two sides of industry.

The immediate priority is to reduce unemployment. Why?

To the Alliance unemployment is a scandal; robbing men and women of their careers, blighting
the prospects for a quarter of all our young people, wasting our national resources, aborting
our chances of industrial recovery, dividing our nation and fuelling hopelessness and crime.

Much of the present unemployment is a direct result of the civil war in British industry, of
restrictive practices and low investment. But in addition Conservative Government policies have
caused unemployment to rise. An Alliance Government would cause unemployment to fall. How? Can
it be done without releasing a fresh wave of inflation?

We believe it can. We propose a carefully devised and costed jobs programme *aimed at
reducing unemployment by 1 million over two years.* This programme will be supported by
immediate measures to help those hardest hit by the slump - the disadvantaged, the pensioners,
the poor.

*Ours is a programme of mind, heart and will, it is a programme that will work!*

The Programme has three points:

- Fiscal and Financial Policies for Growth

- Direct Action to provide jobs

- An Incomes Strategy that will stick.

### Sustained Policies for Growth

These will be based on carefully selected increases in public spending and reductions in
taxation. Despite the impression Mrs Thatcher gives, the Conservative Government is borrowing
£8 billion a year. It is costing us £17 billion to keep over 3 million people on
the dole. In view of the depth of the slump, we think it right to increase public borrowing to
around £11 billion and to use this money in two basic ways:

- *to reverse the reduction in public investment* which over the last decade
 has been little short of catastrophic, through a selective programme of
 capital investment in the water and sewerage systems, electrification of
 railways, building and repairing roads, rebuilding and refurbishing hospitals,
 investing in housing, improving transport services and developing energy
 conservation schemes.

- to concentrate the funds available for *tax reductions* in areas where
 tax cuts have a direct impact on prices such as the abolition of the
 National Insurance Surcharge (the 'tax on jobs') and in this way
 keep prices down as growth is stepped up. We will stop the nationalised
 industries being forced to raise prices for gas and electricity merely to
 increase Government revenue.

Such action to rekindle growth without inflation, buttressed by a less restrictive monetary
policy and management of the exchange rate to keep our exports competitive, will be pursued so
as to reduce unemployment by 400,000 over our first two years.

### Direct Action to Provide Jobs

The immediate action we propose is targeted on those among the unemployed in greatest need,
the long-term unemployed and the young. It does not throw money wildly about, but has been
carefully drawn up to achieve the biggest early fall in unemployment we can manage at the
lowest practicable cost. Our main proposals are:

- *to provide jobs for the long-term unemployed in a programme of housing and
 environmental improvement* - house renovation and insulation, land
 improvements; these jobs are real jobs crying out to be done. There will
 also be a major expansion of the Community Programme. We will back programmes
 of this kind with great determination to ensure that they generate at least
 250,000 jobs over two years;

- *to extend the Youth Training Scheme so that it is available to all 16 and
 17 year olds* and give real help to those who want to stay on at school
 after 16 or go to college or take a training course. Our long term aim is to
 see all 16-19 year olds either as students with access to work experience,
 or as employed people with access to education and training. But the
 extension of training proposed here would alone reduce youth unemployment
 by 100,000;

- *to create more jobs in labour-intensive social services.* There is a
 great need for extra support staff in the NHS and the personal social
 services. These services are highly labour-intensive and their greatest need
 for extra people is in regions of high unemployment. We propose the
 establishment of a special £500 million Fund for the health and social
 services in order to create an additional 100,000 jobs of this kind over two
 years;

- *to give a financial incentive to private firms to take on those longest out
 of work* - To boost jobs in the private sector, we propose to pay a grant
 to companies for every *extra* job they provide and fill with someone
 unemployed for over six months. The scheme will be for employment pay, not
 unemployment pay. The Government loses about £100 per week (in
 unemployment benefit and lost tax revenues) for every person unemployed, so
 it is not extravagant to pay £80 a week for each additional job.
 According to the best estimates this incentive could increase employment by
 around 1 75,000 jobs within two years of its introduction.

In sum, our immediate programme of direct action would reduce unemployment by well over
600,000 in two years. What is more, it will do so in a highly cost-effective way by switching
the money which is now paid to people to do nothing, into payment for useful jobs instead, and
it therefore will not involve irresponsible increases in public spending or borrowing.

*Taken together these proposals should reduce unemployment by 1 million by the end of our
second year in government.*

### An Incomes Strategy That will Stick

We do not pretend that a lasting return to high levels of employment can be achieved
painlessly, or without a reemergence of the inflationary pressures which record unemployment
has temporarily damped down. We are convinced there is not hope of a lasting return to full
employment unless we can develop ways of keeping prices down which do not involve keeping
unemployment up. And unlike either of the two old parties, we are prepared to face up to this
by pursuing a fair and effective pay and prices policy that will stick. It is Labour's
refusal to face up to the need to restrain incomes, at the dictates of its union paymasters,
which above all makes Labour's claim to have a solution to unemployment so utterly bogus,
and it is Mrs Thatcher's refusal to contemplate anything other than unemployment as an
incomes policy which condemns the country to permanently high unemployment if she wins another
term.

In drawing up its counter-inflation programme, the Alliance has faced the question of pay and
prices policy head on. Unlike other parties, the Alliance will seek a specific mandate from
the electorate in support of an incomes policy. We shall campaign for a series of arrangements
to keep price rises in check whilst unemployment comes down. Specifically we propose:

- *to establish a range for pay settlements.* The Government will discuss
 with representatives of commerce and industry, trade unions and consumers,
 the prospects for the economy as a whole, and will establish the desirable
 range within which pay settlements should be negotiated given the outlook
 for unemployment. The Government will provide forecasts of the implications
 for unemployment, inflation and growth, of pay settlements at different
 levels, and the objective will be to arrive each year at an agreed norm or
 range for pay settlements. In the absence of agreement the government will
 announce its own view and tailor its policies accordingly, but every effort
 will be made to minimise disagreement and establish a common view.

- *a fair deal for pay in the public services.* The agreed norm or range
 will provide the background to a fair and systematic approach to pay in the
 public services. A single, independent Assessment Board for public service
 pay will be set up to provide fair comparisons. Agreed arrangements for
 arbitration will be needed. As a result, public service sector pay will grow
 at broadly similar rates to that of comparable groups in the private
 sector.

- *new arrangements to discourage excessive pay settlements in the private
 sector-* Pay settlements in the private sector will be negotiated with no
 direct interference in settlements made by small and medium sized businesses.
 We intend to set up a Pay and Prices Commission to monitor pay settlements
 in large companies, with powers to restrict price increases caused by wage
 settlements which exceed the agreed range. At the same time, we shall
 legislate to introduce a Counter Inflation Tax, giving the Government the
 power to impose the tax if it becomes necessary. The tax will be levied by
 the Inland Revenue on companies paying above the pay range. It will be open
 to successful companies where productivity increases have been high to pay
 above the agreed range if they do so through the distribution of shares
 which are not immediately marketable.

- *the nationalised industries will be subject to similar restraints,* on
 excessive wage settlements; and will not be permitted to evade the
 consequences of excessive wage settlements and counter-inflation tax
 payments simply by raising prices.

We would, if we were convinced it was necessary in the prevailing circumstances, be prepared
to introduce a fully statutory incomes policy to cover the interim period whilst these new
arrangements are being introduced.

Previous incomes policies have been short term reactions to crisis. They have been reversals
of earlier policies. They have had no mandate from the electorate. The Alliance presents its
policy now because that is both honest and necessary. To work, a pay and prices framework must
be understood and supported. The framework we propose can last. It is flexible. It will
encourage growth and reward productivity and initiative. *It offers the only way of
regaining growth without refuelling inflation.*

## Strategy for Industrial Success

The Alliance is alone in recognising that Britain's industrial crisis cannot be solved by
short term measures such as import controls or money supply targets. Our crisis goes deep. Its
roots lie in the class divisions of our society, in the vested interests of the Tory and
Labour parties, in the refusal of management and unions to widen democracy in industry, in the
way profits and risks are shared.

The policies offered by the two class-based parties will further divide the nation North v
South, Management v Labour. Our greatest need is to build a sense of belonging to one
community. We are all in it together. It is impossible for one side or the other in Britain to
'win'. Conflict in industrial relations means that we all lose.

But how do we reduce conflict? How do we end class war in industry? Not by intimidating the
unions through unemployment. Not by nationalizing, de-nationalizing, re-nationalising. Not by
pretending the problem doesn't exist.

The Alliance is committed to policies which will invest resources in the high-technology
industries of the future. We are committed to a major new effort in education and training. We
are pledged to trade union reform, to tough anti-monopoly measures. Above all we will act to
share profits and responsibility in industry far wider than ever before.

We need to do these things to ensure Britain's economic success in a brutally competitive
world. But the aim is not merely economic growth for its own sake. To live fulfilled and
meaningful lives we each need challenge, reward and responsibility. In British industry far too
many feel they have no stake in success, no role to play, nothing to contribute. It is that
feeling which leads to bitterness, and conflict. The time has come to change these things -
now, before it is too late.

### Partnership in Industry

Britain has made little progress towards industrial democracy, yet several of our European
partners have long traditions of participation and co-operation backed by legislation. They do
not face the obstacles to progress with which our divisive industrial relations present us. To
be fully effective, proposals for participation in industry need to be buttressed by action on
two fronts: a major extension of profit sharing and worker share-ownership to give people a
real stake where they work as well as the ability to participate in decision making, and reform
of the trades unions to make them genuinely representative institutions.

#### Participation at Work

We propose enabling legislation that will offer a flexible and sensible approach:

- *an Industrial Democracy Act* to provide for the introduction of employee
 participation at all levels, incentives for employee share-ownership,
 employee rights to information, and *an Industrial Democracy Agency
 (IDA)* to advise on and monitor the introduction of these measures;

- *Employee Councils covering each place of work* (subject to exemption for
 small units) for all companies employing over 1,000 people. Smaller companies
 would also be encouraged to introduce Employee Councils;

- *Top level representation* will, for example, be through directors
 elected jointly by employees and shareholders, or a Representative Council
 with rights to codetermination on a range of issues;

- *No 'single channel' appointments by trade unions:* every
 employee must have a vote and be able to exercise it secretly.

#### Profit-Sharing and Employee Share-Ownership

We propose:

- through the Industrial Democracy Act to encourage companies to develop
 collective share ownership schemes based on profit sharing as an essential
 component of industrial democracy. We will also increase the exemption
 limit for Corporation Tax relief on Inland Revenue approved profit-sharing
 and share-ownership schemes to £3,000 per employee;

- to give specific encouragement to co-operatives through increased funding for
 the Co operative Development Agency - to provide advice and financial
 support for those setting up co-operatives.

## Giving the Unions Back to Their Members

Employee democracy in industry can only be extended if trade unions are made genuinely
representative of their members since they are bound to have an important role in
participation. It is for that reason, and not in any spirit of 'union bashing' that
we propose further democratization of the unions themselves. We want to see effective,
representative and responsible trade unions playing their full part in industry, and in this
we stand apart from the Conservative Party, which has no interest in participation, and which
wants to reform the unions only in order to weaken them.

We will legislate to provide for:

- *compulsory secret individual ballots, normally on a postal basis,* for
 the election of the national executives of unions and, where appropriate,
 union general secretaries;

- the right for a certain proportion - 10 per cent - of the relevant bargaining
 unit to require a ballot before an official strike can be called;

- maximum encouragement of arbitration, as a fair and constructive means of
 settling disputes, including a legal requirement in essential public
 services that any dispute be taken to impartial arbitration operating on
 common principles for all public service groups, before industrial action
 shall commence;

- measures to provide for a more efficient and more effective trade union
 movement:

- tax exemption for union contributions to encourage a better level of funding,
 a Trade Union Development Fund to assist union mergers and rationalisation,
 statutory rights to recognition for unions that have won majority support
 from the relevant workforce; adequate facilities at the workplace and
 reasonable time off for union representatives to perform their duties; and
 increased support for education and training for shop stewards and
 representatives. We propose an Employees' Charter clearly safeguarding
 trade union and workers' rights.

We favour a careful balance of collective and individual rights on existing closed shops, with
action against the pre-entry closed shop matched by retention of legal provision for union
membership agreements on condition the latter rests on substantial workforce support and that
exemption from union membership is available on grounds of conscience.

## Government and Industry

### Priority for Industry

We cannot restore employment or achieve the standards we want in our social services unless we
first reverse our industrial decline. So the rebuilding of our industry and commerce must be
given priority in the formulation of government policies.

### Government and Private Industry

The role of an Alliance government in relation to private industry will be to provide selective
assistance taking a number of forms:

- an industrial credit scheme, to provide low-interest, long-term finance for
 projects directed at modernising industry;

- a national innovation policy, to provide selective assistance for high-risk
 projects, particularly involving the development of new technologies and for
 research and development in potential growth industries (with a
 corresponding reduction in R and D spending on defence);

- public purchasing policies to stimulate innovation, encourage the introduction
 of crucial technologies and aid small businesses;

- Government assistance in export promotion, with increased efforts to reduce
 non-tariff barriers to trade;

- we will establish a Cabinet Committee chaired by the Prime Minister at the
 centre of decision-taking on *all* policies with a bearing on the
 performance of industry.

The Alliance will strengthen the Monopolies and Mergers Commission to ensure its ability to
prevent monopoly and unhealthy concentrations of industrial and commercial power. The aim is
to guarantee fair competition and to protect the interests of employees, consumers and
shareholders.

### Government and Public Industry

We must get away from the incessant and damaging warfare over the *ownership* of industry
and switch the emphasis to how well it performs. Thus we will retain the present position of
British Aerospace but will not privatise British Telecom's main network nor sell off
British Airways. But we will make the nationalised industries successful and efficient as well
as properly responsible to their consumers. Specifically, we propose that:

- where nationalised industries are operating viably in competitive conditions,
 Government regulation and control should largely be removed. Their borrowing
 on the market should not be subject to external financing limits (EFLs), and
 they should effectively be run as independent enterprises;

- where public industries are not subject to market forces - e.g. the public
 utilities - or where they are dependent on public finance - e.g. the
 railways - alternative means of exerting pressure to ensure operational
 efficiency are required, and we will set up an Efficiency Audit Commission
 to report regularly and publicly to a Select Committee of Parliament on the
 overall management and discharge of their responsibilities by the industries
 concerned;

- we will seek to distance the Government from direct involvement in
 nationalised industries. They must be free to run their industries according
 to the criteria laid down for them, without political interference.

### New and small business

To encourage the growth of new and small businesses, we will attack red tape and provide
further financial and management assistance by:

- extending the Loan Guarantee Scheme, in the first instance raising the maximum
 permitted loan to £1 50,000; and the Business Start-Up Scheme, raising
 the upper limit for investment to £75,000; and introducing Small Firm
 Investment Companies to provide financial and management help;

- zero-rating building repairs and maintenance for VAT purposes and reducing
 commercial rates by 10 per cent;

- making sure the Department of Industry co-ordinates and publicises schemes for
 small businesses and that government aid ceases to discriminate against small
 businesses;

- tailoring national legislation such as the Health and Safety Regulations to
 the needs of small businesses and amending the statutory sick pay scheme to
 exclude small businesses.

### Agriculture and Fisheries

Agriculture is an important industry and employer. To encourage its further development we
will:

- increase Government support for effective agricultural marketing at home and
 abroad and continue support for 'Food from Britain';

- ensure that agriculture has access like other industries to the industrial
 credit scheme we propose;

- encourage greater access to farming, especially by young entrants.

We believe that the provision of alternative sources of employment is the key to many other
problems of the rural areas. To this end, we will promote moves at local level to establish
rural development agencies.

The Alliance is determined to safeguard the future of our fishing industry which needs help to
re-build after years of uncertainty and the drastic consequences for the deep-sea fleet of
200-mile limits in the waters they used to fish. We believe:

- that in order to conserve stocks for the future, EEC inspection must be
 strengthened to ensure that conservation measures are fairly enforced on the
 fleets of all member states;

- that better marketing and promotion, better vocational training, and
 reasonable credit terms would all help the future of the industry;

- that government measures must take account of the special importance of our
 inshore industry to rural communities.

### Energy

The first priority of the Alliance energy policy is the conservation and efficient use of
energy. A programme of house insulation is part of our jobs plan and a programme to encourage
increased energy efficiency in industry will lead to a substantial increase in employment and
savings to the economy.

For the foreseeable future, coal will continue to supply a large part of our major energy
needs. To ensure the continued prosperity of the coal industry we will make substantial
investments in the modernisation of techniques and capacity. This does not mean a dramatic
schedule of pit closures. There will be some employment problems - where the oldest deep pits
are coming to the end of their economic life. The Alliance plans for jobs and industry are
designed to give particular help to areas like these where new employment is needed.

The North Sea currently produces the oil and gas we need. But we want to make sure that there
are enough reserves to keep up British oil and gas production. So we will encourage the
exploration for and development of new reserves. We want to link Britain up by pipeline with
the rest of the North Sea gas-fields so that, together with our European partners, we can make
the best use of the gas that is there.

We will invest as a matter of urgent priority in different types of energy and new
technologies, especially the use of sources of energy like the sun, wind, waves and the heat
below the earth's surface and the development of combined heat and power systems. We are
determined to maintain a British power plant industry.

The power stations we have and are currently building will be enough for our needs for some
considerable time to come. We see no evidence including anything yet submitted to the Enquiry
to justify the building of Sizewell or other PWR generating stations. However research into
nuclear waste disposal must be continued in order to cater for existing needs and we would
develop Britain's research programme and expertise in the field of nuclear power and the
possibilities presented by fast-breeder technology and fusion.

### Education and Training

The third basic condition for industrial success is a people with the skills and self-
confidence that will be needed for the challenges of new technology. The education and
training systems are not providing enough people with the skills necessary to make them
employable and the country successful in competition with its rivals. We are falling further
behind. Japan on present plans will be educating all its young people to the age of 18 by
1990. More than 90 per cent of the 16-19 age group in Germany gain recognised technical
qualifications. And it is not just a matter of school-leavers. Our managers are less
professionally qualified than our main competitors'. From the bottom to top we are
underskilled, and this has to be put right if we are to prosper in future. To do this, to
raise standards in education and training and to improve their effectiveness, is the object of
proposals set out in the next Section.

## Creating One Community

A fundamental purpose of the Alliance is to reduce the divisions which over the last two
decades have been fragmenting our society, and restore our sense of being one community.

The gap between rich and poor is as wide today as it was forty years ago when the Beveridge
Report was written. There has been a big increase in poverty and urban squalor as a result of
the present slump. The pressures of the recession have placed an increasing burden on women in
particular. The trend towards two nations in health, education and the social services is
accelerating as those who can pay increasingly opt for private provision.

To combat these trends will require determined action across a wide front:

- immediate help for those bearing the burden of unemployment;

- a determined attack on poverty, aimed at releasing those locked in the poverty
 trap, by raising the living standards of the hardest-pressed families;

- action to raise standards in education and the quality of health care provided
 by the NHS and remove the inadequacies in the state services which lie
 behind the trend to private provision;

- increased investment in housing, drawing on wider sources of finance to build
 new communities of mixed ownership, together with urgent attention to the
 rehabilitation of existing council estates, the decentralisation of housing
 management and tenants' rights;

- giving serious priority to the environmental aspects of actions and policy
 changes at the earliest possible stage;

- creating one nation will also require positive action to tilt the balance more
 in favour of disadvantaged and depressed minority groups and to focus
 assistance on inner city areas.

This must be backed by firm action to strengthen the rule of law, with support for an
effective police force commanding the confidence of the community in the fight against
vandalism and crime.

### Immediate Help for Those in Need

The burden of the slump is being borne quite disproportionately by those now in long-term
unemployment and by the poor, especially poor families with children. We propose to take the
following measures straight away:

*a) help for families with children* by increasing Child Benefit by £1.50 per week;
increasing the Child Allowance in Supplementary Benefit by £1.50 per week; increasing
the extra child allowance of one-parent families;

*b) help for pensioners.* We will up-rate the pension twice a year because the present
system gives rise to serious injustices. We will make sure pensioners can earn money without
losing pension; we will increase the death grant to £250 for those of lesser means;
standing charges for gas, electricity and basic telephone services will be abolished;

*c) help for the unemployed and sick* by increasing Unemployment Benefit, Sickness
Benefit and sick pay by 5 per cent; giving long-term Supplementary Benefit to the long-term
unemployed; changing the rules so people are not forced to spend their redundancy money before
they can get Supplementary Benefit;

*d) help for the disabled* by spending an extra £200 million a year to make a start
on many reforms which will help disabled people. These will include the extension of the
invalid care allowance and full rights under the non-contributory invalidity pension to
married women and the abolition of the age limit on the mobility allowance;

*e) finance.* The total cost of these proposals is approximately £1 ,750m. This
will be financed by: raising the upper limit at which National Insurance contributions are
paid to £315 per week; reversing the recent increases in the high rate tax bands; and
by the first stage of phasing out the married man's tax allowance. Therefore this
programme does not require an increase in public borrowing.

### Attacking Poverty

The Alliance proposes to carry through a major overhaul of the welfare system. The original
grand design of the liberal reformer, William Beveridge, has been mutilated over the years.
Instead of a basic benefit, which was to secure for the old, the sick and the unemployed, a
tolerable minimum standard of living as of right, we have a complex network of benefits
dependent on 44 different means tests. Many people are dependent on benefits which are
woefully inadequate. Millions are in poverty because they fail to apply for benefits to which
they are entitled. Others find that they are worse off if they earn more.

Mass unemployment has made the scale of our problems greater than at any time since the war.
We believe that we can offer a better, simpler structure of social security which would be
the most important reform since Beveridge.

In the long term, we plan a complete integration of the tax and benefit systems. We aim in the
next Parliament to bring together all the major benefits - Family Income Supplement, housing
benefits, free school meals, Supplementary Benefit, and to replace them with a simpler, single
benefit, the size of which for each family will depend basically on the number of children and
their housing costs.

The levels of benefit we propose mean that:

- a working family with two children, currently earning £100 per week,
 will be around £24 per week better off;

- single parents with two children, currently helped by Supplementary Benefit,
 will be around £10 per week better off;

- single pensioners only getting the state pension will be £5.50 per week
 better off, and pensioner couples in the same position £10 per week
 better off;

- help will especially be concentrated on poor families with children since
 these are the real centres of hardship.

The benefit will be used to supplement people's income - whether from a job, unemployment
or sickness benefit or a pension - and the amount people actually get will depend on their
income. The benefit will be gradually withdrawn as incomes rise - but in a steady way so that
as people earn more they do end up better off despite the reduction of benefit - and the
overall effect will be a substantial boost to the incomes of those suffering most hardship.

The additional spending which the new welfare system will involve will be paid for from three
sources. First by the continued phasing out of the married man's extra tax allowance
(over at least three years}. This is part of the removal of sex discrimination in taxation
and will allow us to introduce the principle of separate taxation of earned income for all men
and women. Second, by not fully indexing personal tax allowances, and third, by a relatively
small increase in public borrowing - around £600-£700 million over the final
programme.

This attack on poverty is basic to the Alliance strategy for creating in Britain a more united
and caring community. The Conservatives speak only of an efficient and competitive society. We
seek a civilized community using the resources provided by a revived economy to guarantee to
all the security and self-respect that are every citizen's right.

### Education, Health and Housing

Building a united, civilized community requires decent standards in education, health and
housing for everyone. The Tories have imposed savage cuts in the social services and an
Alliance Government would increase spending to restore and improve standards.

But it will not be enough just to spend money. The social services are too centralised, too
bureaucratic. They are often insensitive and unaccountable. We will aim to make the social
services more democratic, attuned to the needs of the individual. In this way, also, they will
become more efficient.

### Education and Training

The principal need in education and training is to release the full potential of the
individual. It is on the skills and energies of our people that our survival depends. An
increasingly complex and technical society places great demands on the educational system and
as falling school numbers continue to release resources these must not be withdrawn but
invested to create better education opportunities.

The needs of the *under-fives* have to be met by both education and the social services.

- We will ensure that at least one year of pre-school educational experience is
 available for all children under five;

- We will *act to raise standards* in the primary and secondary schools in
 three ways:

- i) by involving parents, teachers and local people more in the running of
 schools - these are the people who really care about standards;

- ii) by ensuring that children study a broader range of subjects than they
 do now right through to eighteen, putting more stress on maths, science and
 technical subjects as well as practical skills to make them better equipped
 for life in today's world. It is especially important to ensure that these
 opportunities are equally available to girls as well as boys;

- iii) by improving the in-service training of primary teachers and of
 others with specialist skills e.g. in maths.

- we will develop *a broader bridge between school and work* including more
 part-time schooling, and more work experience and better technical education for
 all pupils;

- we will undertake *a major re-organisation of education and training for the
 16-19s,* so that school leavers are not faced with the dole but can opt for
 either education and training or employment or a combination of the two. Present
 arrangements are disjointed. Britain is well behind its competitors, resources
 have been devoted to ad hoc schemes not necessarily leading to employment, and many
 young people are unable to acquire skills and qualifications. So we propose:

- i) a single Ministry of Education and Training combining the youth
 training functions of the MSC and the responsibilities of the Education
 Departments,

- ii) full-time vocational courses offering sustained and properly planned
 periods of work experience, and the replacement of the time-served
 apprenticeship with training to set national standards,

- iii) greater access to work experience for all 16-19 year old students
 and a right to further education and training for those of this age-group in
 work,

- iv) expansion of the YTS to enable all 17 year olds not covered by the
 above to participate in a Government training scheme,

- v) a new system of educational maintenance allowances to ensure that help
 is available to those who stay on at school, those who opt for further
 education and those who opt for further training.

- we will *increase access to Higher and Further Education.* We shall also
 review the structure of higher education to see that people who are keen to work
 in industry are provided with the right range of skills at this level. This may
 mean for example students typically taking a wider range of courses before moving
 on to a job or more specialist education;

- we will actively support *Adult and Continuing Education.* Initial
 education alone cannot prepare people adequately for life. It must be made easier
 for them as part of their normal development to acquire new skills and to refrain
 as technology advances.

- we will ensure further public support for the voluntary and statutory sectors
 of the youth service.

Improvement in training facilities provided by the State will be accompanied by fiscal and
other incentives to companies to increase their training efforts.

### Health and Social Services

The Alliance is wholly committed to sustaining and strengthening the NHS. The Health Service
must be funded to ensure that extra help goes to those most in need and that sufficient
resources are available to meet the needs of our ageing population. The Alliance is committed
to the steady increase in the real level of funding for the health and personal social services
required to *maintain standards* in the face of demographic changes such as the increasing
numbers of old people.

In addition, the Alliance will set up *a special Fund with £500 million each year*
to pay for new schemes and ideas submitted by area health authorities, local authorities and
other voluntary organisations to help the poorest areas and the neediest people. The funding of
this scheme will count as part of the Alliance's immediate employment programme, and employment
as well as other criteria will govern the choice of projects by the fund. The areas of greatest
need in the health and social services are also high unemployment areas, so that such a special
fund is an ideal use of available money.

Within the health programme, action will be taken to make better use of the health budget by:

- increased emphasis on primary care, health education and preventive
 medicine;

- emphasising community care, not as a cheap option but because of the improved
 quality of care this brings;

- re-allocating funds between areas and between users to increase equality of
 access to services for people in need whatever their means or wherever they happen
 to live. Particular attention will be given to the traditionally under-funded
 services such as those for the elderly, the chronically disabled and the mentally
 handicapped;

- encouraging local experiments and plans to improve services;

- reducing the drugs bill by extending the practice of generic prescribing,
 saving over one hundred million pounds.

The quality of care will also be improved by our policies in three related areas. First, the
continuing commitment of all NHS staff is vital if the health service is to deliver the best
care it can. This means NHS staff must be properly and fairly treated. We gave our commitment
in Section II to determine pay in the public services by a new system based on *fair
comparison* with other groups and a fair arbitration procedure which will also apply to NHS
staff. Second, we will pay far more attention to *prevention* of accidents, illness and
stress, making sure that health and safety legislation is properly applied and reducing
environmental risks, for example by removing lead in petrol. Third, we will work for much
closer co-operation between public and private services, to maximise the amount and coverage of
health care available to the community as a whole. As with private schools, we have no wish to
ban private health services, but nor will we subsidise them.

In the *personal social services,* the Alliance is determined to make the welfare state
less bureaucratic and more responsive to people's needs, charting a more imaginative way
forward by creating community-orientated services, incorporating a much greater degree of
voluntary effort, and making much better use of the dedication and enthusiasm of professional
staff, working with and through voluntary groups. We favour caring for people in the community
for example, helping the elderly to live among family friends and neighbours. We will support
and sustain the family, in particular by helping those, especially women, who carry the burden
of this care. We will encourage the development of supportive care in the community for
children through a wide range of facilities including pre-school play schemes and nursery
centres, and will support training for child-minders. Imaginative grants can produce value for
money and high community involvement.

### Housing

Housing standards have fallen under the Tory Government, and fewer houses have been built.
Council tenants have been able to buy their own houses but face almost impossible financial
difficulties if trying to move out of council estates into private housing.

Alliance housing policy has three basic aims: to restore the housing stock where this is
needed, to provide wider genuine choice for consumers and to allocate available funds with
greater fairness.

This will mean increased investment. Bntain's building industry has been one of the worst hit
by the recession. 1 in 8 of the unemployed are in construction. Higher investment here will
not only help the tenant, the home buyer and the home-owner: it will help the whole country by
creating jobs and boosting the economy.

**Investment** There is an urgent need for increased investment in housing. The Housing
Programme has suffered more than any other under this government, falling in cash terms from
£4,514m in 1979-80 to £2,792m now which represents a fall of almost two-thirds in
real terms. The all-party Environment Select Committee predicts a shortage of nearly half a
million houses by 1985. And not enough is being spent even to maintain the standard of existing
houses. More than 2 million houses are now 'unfit for habitation' or 'in serious disrepair',
and the figure is rising.

We propose:

- a steady expansion of local Council and housing association building
 programmes, particularly for the single and the elderly, local council programmes
 to be in low density, human scale developments;

- vigorous programmes of repair, improvement and rehabilitation of existing
 Council estates;

- scrapping VAT on repairs;

- maximum use of improvement grants to the private sector with particular help
 for elderly owner-occupiers who face difficulties in maintaining their houses;

- attracting institutional investment in a new type of non-profit making rented
 housing to be managed by housing associations;

- encouraging partnership schemes between local councils and private builders to
 provide houses to rent; and low cost house ownership opportunities on the same
 estates.

The last two proposals will involve new non-public money in housing, and cut down the public
expenditure costs of increasing housing investment.

**Widening choice in housing.** We propose:

- changing council allocation and transfer procedures to give tenants far more
 choice about where they live;

- encouraging shared purchase and other schemes which bring owner occupation
 within the reach of lower income families;

- providing new sources of rented housing to compete with local councils;

- breaking up the large monolithic council housing departments into Neighbourhood
 Housing Trusts run jointly by tenants and Council representatives;

- decentralising the management of the remaining Council housing to local offices
 responsible to local boards composed of Councillors and tenants;

- introducing a new Tenants Charter to define standards of repairs, maintenance
 and amenities to which tenants are entitled;

- giving tenants the right to call in an outside contractor from an approved list
 when they are dissatisfied with the Council's performance on repairs and sending
 the bill to the Council;

- establishing a single national scheme to help tenants wanting to move from one
 area to another.

The Right to Buy should be retained. After the introduction of proportional representation and
hence greater accountability. Councils could be given more discretion to decide their housing
policy. However, there should be a right of appeal in which Councils would justify to the Local
Government Ombudsman any proposed restriction on the individual's right to buy such as in areas
of housing need or in certain rural areas where cheap rented housing is necessary to keep an
adequate proportion of young people in the community.

**Major extension of the capital home loan scheme.** At present this scheme to help first
time buyers is a paltry thing adding at most £110 capital for £1,000 saved by the
buyer. The Alliance wants to give far more substantial aid to those determined to buy their own
homes but without the means to do so under present arrangements.

We will extend the scheme so that anyone saving £1,000 over 2 years will receive an
extra £1,000 at the end of that period. Rents paid over more than five years by Council
tenants will count as equivalent to £1,000 savings and will also qualify for the
additional £1,000.10 years rent will entitle the tenant to £1,500 and 15 years to
£2,000. We will seek to devise similar arrangements for private tenants.

Of course the present limits on the maximum value of properties which can qualify for such
assistance will be maintained. The scheme is to help those who cannot otherwise become
home-owners, not to benefit those with adequate resources. This will be strictly enforced.

This measure is imaginative and bold. It opens up new prospects and hope for many who are
determined to save and work for a better way of life.

**Greater fairness.** Housing subsidies must be distributed more according to need. Council
tenants have been particularly hard hit by the government's policy of deliberately forcing up
rents far faster than the rate of inflation. Central government subsidies to local authority
housing fell from £1 ,274m in 1980/81 to £370m in 1983/84 with the result that in
most parts of the country. housing accounts are now moving into surplus. The Alliance says this
process must stop. Council rents should be fixed so that housing accounts balance. Any surplus
should be reinvested in improved management and maintenance, and not used to subsidise the
general rates.

For owner-occupiers, the Alliance's long-term policy is to reform mortgage tax relief so that
it relates to individual income rather than the size of the loan. In the meantime, tax relief
will be limited to the standard rate of income tax. The Alliance also intends to encourage 'low
start' mortgages and other schemes to bring home-ownership within the reach of more people.

## The Environment

There can be no healthy economy without a healthy environment. For far too long we have been
wasting irreplaceable resources and amenities, both natural and manmade on which our
community's prosperity and well-being depend. In all public decision-making the environmental
aspects of changes should be assessed and taken into account from the beginning.

### Pollution

We endorse the 'Polluter Pays' principle - that those responsible for pollution should pay for
the resultant environmental damage. Existing pollution control legislation must be enforced
and extended as recommended by the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution.

### Limiting Waste

We will encourage the manufacture of products to last longer than at present and the
manufacture of those goods which cannot be re-used from materials which can be re-cycled. We
will provide financial incentives for authorities with responsibility for waste disposal to
construct new plants to re-cycle waste material.

### Transport

Without an effective public transport system the environment will suffer serious damage and
energy resources will be wasted. We believe that new investment should be linked with
modernised operating practices to ensure a future for our railways, and we therefore reject
the negative philosophy of the Serpell Report. Careful planning and co-ordination is required
to meet the different public transport needs of both the cities and the countryside.

### Land Use

We need a fundamental change in the way in which we plan our cities, towns and villages to
develop greater participation by those directly affected, to protect, create and develop
living communities.

### Farming and Conservation

We will give increased responsibility to local bodies representative of farming and
environmental interests which would be based on the present Farming and Wildlife Advisory
Groups, in the award of agricultural grants and subsidies, and which would seek to reconcile
different interests in the use of land.

### Animal Welfare

Cruelty to animals and unnecessary suffering by animals demean our society and the Alliance
would, as a matter of priority, establish an advisory Standing Commission on Animal Welfare.
This would keep under constant and rigorous examination all issues of animal welfare including
experimentation on live animals, the treatment of farm animals, the transportation of animals
and the regulations covering the use of animals for entertainment. A caring community must
care for animals as well as for human beings.

## Transforming the political system

### Electoral Reform

The introduction of Proportional Representation is the linchpin of our entire programme of
radical reform. Alone of the political parties the Liberal Party and the SDP recognise that our
economic crisis is rooted in our political system. As class based parties, Labour and
Conservative represent and intensify our divisions. The 'first-past-the-post' voting system
ensures the under-representation of all those who reject class as the basis of politics.
Electoral reform is thus a pre-condition of healing Britain's divisions and creating a sense of
community. It is also a change we must make if we are, in the full sense of the word, to be a
democracy.

The national interest demands electoral reform. The Alliance will not hesitate to use its
strength in the next Parliament to ensure the introduction of a system which will strengthen
the power of the voters.

A system based on proportional representation will provide a stable political framework in two
ways. First, in order to form a government, political parties combining together will need to
command the support of about half the voters. The policies such a government will pursue can
only be less dogmatic and extreme than those likely to be followed under our present system
where governments can be elected with the support of no more than one quarter of the
electorate. Secondly, the political parties will have to aim much more for the centre ground
and will be much more reluctant to adopt the divisive policies we see at present.

Specifically we propose to:

- *replace the existing electoral system with a system of Community
 Proportional Representation.* It will be based on multi-member constituencies
 which correspond to natural communities. It will use a system of preferential
 voting under which people list candidates in the order of their choice. The outcome
 will be that the share of seats gained by the parties in Parliament will reflect
 their support among the voters.

Thus natural communities like cities (e.g. Hull, Plymouth, Leeds, Edinburgh), and counties
(e.g. Somerset, Northumberland) will be single multi-member constituencies of different size,
represented by different numbers of MPs. Preferential voting by single transferable vote (STV}
will enable the voter to distinguish between candidates of a particular party and thus to
affect the character of that Party in Parliament. A single Party will not be able to gain a
parliamentary majority unless it secures nearly 50 per cent of the votes. There will be a
spread of representation in every part of the country and we will see the end of the increasing
political polarisation between North and South.

Electoral reform is no academic matter. While this is our preferred system it is not the only
acceptable system of fairer voting. It is necessary to strengthen and restore faith in our
democratic process, under which the relationship between seats and votes is becoming entirely
arbitrary. A switch to proportional representation will transform the character of our politics,
producing a more constructive political dialogue, and it will change the nature of the policies
pursued by successive governments. As the fundamental reform required for continuity of policy
- crucial if we are gradually and steadily to overcome our basic economic problems - it is no
less than the precondition for economic recovery and future prosperity.

### Decentralising Government

In addition to electoral reform, the Alliance is committed to two further constitutional
reforms: decentralisation to make government more accountable to the electorate, and basic
legislation to protect fundamental human rights and freedoms.

Our system of government is inefficient because it is over-centralised. Departments, Ministers
and Parliament are hopelessly overloaded and Parliament cannot adequately control the
executive; there is great reliance on non-elected quangos, particularly at regional level -
such as Regional Health Authorities, and Regional Water Authorities which together with the
regional 'outposts' of central government departments now constitute an undemocratic regional
tier of government; local government is too dependent on and dominated by central government -
which has eroded not only its independence but also its sense of responsibility - and the
Tories have made the spending of individual local authorities subject to central control. The
overall result is lack of efficiency and lack of accountability, and the concentration of
political power in London leads to a concentration of economic power there too, accentuating
the trend to two nations - a relatively prosperous South, and a relatively deprived North. We
need to disperse power in order to help spread prosperity.

In the light of these deficiencies in the structure of government, we propose:

- *to transfer substantial powers and responsibilities, currently exercised by
 the centre, to the nations and regions of Britain.* The demand for devolution
 is clearly stronger in Scotland than in Wales or in some of the English regions,
 and we do not believe that devolution should be imposed on nations or regions
 which do not wish it. But there is a strong practical case, especially in terms of
 regional development, for relevant public expenditure to be allocated between and
 within regions in line with regional needs. We therefore propose:

- a) *immediate action to set up a Scottish Parliament with a full range
 of devolved powers, including powers to assist economic development and
 powers to tax, but not to run a Budget deficit;*

- b) *to enact Scottish devolution in an Act which would also provide the
 framework for decentralisation to assemblies in Wales and the English regions
 as demand develops;*

- c) in the English regions to set up *economic development agencies with
 substantial powers.* To make these development agencies, and other
 nominated regional authorities which already exist, accountable in the first
 instance to *regional committees of a reformed Second Chamber.*

- d) *in Northern Ireland* to encourage a non-sectarian approach to
 the problems of the province. We support the present Northern Ireland
 Assembly and will work towards a return to devolved power in place of direct
 rule from Westminster. We favour the early establishment of an Anglo-Irish
 consultative body at parliamentary level representing all parties at
 Westminster, Belfast and Dublin.

- *to revitalise local government,* restoring its independence and its
 accountability to the local electorate by:

- a) introducing proportional representation at local level to make local
 government representative of its electorate and responsive to currents of
 opinion in that electorate;

- b) simplifying the structure of local government to make it more
 effective by abolishing one of the existing tiers of local government. This
 will be done by stages against the background of our proposals for the
 development of regional government. It would inevitably involve the eventual
 abolition of the Metropolitan Counties, and the GLC (but not ILEA) and would
 also allow for the restoration of powers to some of the former County
 boroughs;

- c) paving the way to the abolition of domestic rates and reducing
 local government's dependence on central grant, by introducing a local
 income tax. This change in the structure of local government finance will
 increase the independence of local government;

- d) extending the right of local communities to have statutory Parish or
 Neighbourhood Councils.

- *to increase the accountability of Government to Parliament* by reforming
 the operation and procedures of the House of Commons, to make its control of the
 executive more effective and to reform the powers and composition of the House of
 Lords, which must include a significant elected element representative of the
 nations and regions of Britain.

This set of proposals amounts to an extensive decentralisation of power from the centre, both
to the nations and regions and to local government, and to considerable strengthening of
democratic accountability at all levels of government.

### Promoting Individual Rights

Resting on our laurels as the oldest modern democracy, we have become smug and complacent with
the result that the rights we have taken for granted are being increasingly threatened. The
third major area of constitutional reform therefore includes a series of measures to buttress
our now shaky structure of liberties and rights and guarantee them by law. Changes in the power
of the State, the media and in technology require specific protection of rights by statute.
Such action will be coupled with determined action to strengthen the rule of law, giving full
backing to the police subject to a proper system of accountability.

#### Individual Rights

The following are our proposals:

- *a new Bill of Rights.* It is shaming that our citizens have so frequently
 had to go to the European Court to have basic rights enforced. We shall incorporate
 the rights and freedoms of the European Convention of Human Rights into English,
 Scottish and Northern Ireland law by means of a new Bill of Rights Act which will
 be paramount over all inconsistent statutes and common law.

- we shall create a *UK Commission of Human Rights* to help people bring
 proceedings under the Bill of Rights to secure compliance with its provisions. This
 will incorporate the existing Equal Opportunities Commission and Commission for
 Racial Equality and will deal with discrimination on grounds of sex or race;

- the Alliance believes that *sex and race equality* are fundamental to our
 society. they will be promoted by positive action in relation e.g. to public
 employment policies which will be monitored in central and local government.
 Anti-discrimination legislation will be actively enforced;

- *nationality and immigration:* we believe the British Nationality Act 1981
 to be offensive and discriminatory. We will revert to the simple concept that all
 those born in Britain are entitled to British Citizenship. There should be
 objective tests for citizenship and a right of appeal against refusal. Immigration
 controls will be applied without discrimination on grounds of sex, race or colour,
 and rules on dependents will be revised to promote family unity;

- we shall legislate for public *access to official information,* including
 the right of individuals to have access to information on themselves, subject to a
 Code of Practice defining exceptions and limitations;

- we support state financing of political parties. Trade Union members must have
 the right to 'contract-in' on the political levy and to determine their union's
 party political affiliation by secret postal ballot. There should be equivalent
 action to regulate company donations to political parties.

### The Rule of Law

We are dedicated to extending individual rights but rights also carry responsibilities. We need
to restore our traditions of responsible citizenship. There is great concern about rising
crime. The number of serious cases has this year risen above 3 million for the first time in
our history. The rise in the crime rate has accompanied the rise in unemployment. As the
Conservative Government has put more and more men and women out of work, the family has been
undermined, whole communities have lost their self-respect and good and neighbourly values have
been forgotten. Many citizens now live in terror of the vandal, the mugger and the thief. Old
people in particular are cruelly exposed to violence and abuse. The causes of crime are complex
but we all have an obligation to resist the dangerous slide to lawlessness that has brought
fear to our streets. The Alliance believes that it is vital to support and reinforce the
police in their efforts to prevent and detect crime.

But policing can only be effective if it is responsive to and carries the support and
confidence of local communities. We therefore propose:

- to support *community policing* with local policemen on the beat and
 living locally, small local police stations and reforms to police recruitment and
 training policy;

- support for local liaison committees which will involve local people in helping
 the police to do their job;

- *to enhance confidence in the police by introducing a *conciliation
 service* an *independent system for the investigation of serious
 complaints.* We will establish a new police disciplinary offence of
 racially prejudiced behaviour and introduce lay visitors into police stations;

- *to improve police accountability* outside London by strengthening the
 community element on Police Authorities and encouraging community representation at
 the level of police divisions. For the Metropolitan Police, we shall as an interim
 measure establish a Select Committee drawn from London MPs.

Action to protect and promote individual and minority rights is an essential part of the
Alliance's determination to heal division and enhance Britain's awareness of being one, inter
dependent Community. Prejudice against racial and other minorities, discrimination against
them and against women in job opportunities and in pay, all threaten the creation of this
community. The Alliance is born of Liberal and Social Democratic values. In government it would
be true to those values.

The Alliance recognises that the expansion of television technology through cable, video
cassettes and satellite offers great opportunities in the creation of a better informed
society and provides new opportunities for the Arts.

However these technologies also carry dangers to our society if they become vehicles for
pornography and violence. This must not be allowed to happen, and the State must have
particular regard to its responsibilities for the young.

## Peace and Security

Alliance policies in the field of foreign policy and defence are uncompromisingly
internationalist. They are based on the view that Britain must play a full and leading role in
the community of nations.

The Alliance holds that Britain's security as a country depends on the cohesion and
effectiveness of the NATO alliance; that our political and economic interests require us to
play our full part in the European Community, and that the poorest countries of the world can
best be helped if the industrial nations pursue more expansionary economic policies in concert.

The Alliance's commitment to internationalism and its recognition of the inter dependence of
nations clearly differentiates its approach from that of both the Labour and Tory parties. In a
dangerous and complex world there is a temptation to withdraw into narrow and nationalistic
attitudes. This is what both the class-based parties have done.

Labour is now pledged to policies which would isolate and weaken Britain - import controls,
unilateral withdrawal from the EEC, one-sided disarmament. If these policies were enacted our
Allies would lose all confidence in us, the Western Alliance would be badly undermined and as
an economically debilitated and less influential country we would be quite unable to launch
the international initiatives now desperately needed to help the poor of the world through
concerted economic expansion and aid.

The Conservative Party specifically refuses to recognise the true inter-dependence of nations
in its approach to both development and peace. It has failed utterly 10 respond to the
challenge of the Brandt Report. Their refusal to countenance the inclusion of Britain's nuclear
systems in any disarmament negotiations displays their lack of real commitment to multilateral
disarmament; their determination to spend vast sums on Trident betrays their lack of
confidence in any commitment to our alliance with the United States.

The Alliance sees little prospect for progress towards a more peaceful, prosperous and just
world unless inter-dependence is accepted as the basis of international relations. This leads
us to radically different policies from those advocated by the class based parties in three key
areas:

### Defence and Disarmament

The Alliance believes Britain must be properly defended and our forces equipped for that task.
We pay tribute to the courage and determination of our armed forces in the Falklands and in
Northern Ireland. Our defence policies reject both Labour's one-sided disarmament and the
Conservatives' escalation of the nuclear arms race. The main points of our policies for defence
are:

- to adhere firmly to the principles of collective security. Britain cannot
 defend herself alone, and the NATO Alliance has made a decisive contribution to the
 maintenance of peace in Europe. *Participation in NATO* must be the
 cornerstone of the country's defence policy, and in order to consolidate the NATO
 Alliance we reaffirm our commitment to the NATO target for strengthening
 conventional forces in Europe;

- we accept the need for a nuclear component in the NATO deterrent whilst the
 USSR has nuclear weapons. NATO should however move away from its present excessive
 dependence on the early use of nuclear weapons. We therefore support raising the
 nuclear threshold in Europe and moving towards a *'no first use' policy* by
 strengthening NATO's conventional forces and establishing a 150km Battlefield
 Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone at the central front. An Alliance Government would regard
 such a zone as the basis for negotiations with the Russians on a wider verifiable
 nuclear weapon-free zone;

- we strongly back *multilateral disarmament* and arms control efforts, in
 particular the Geneva negotiations for reduction in both sides strategic (START)
 and the intermediate range (INF) nuclear weapons. More specifically, the START and
 INF talks should be merged or at least closely linked so that trade-offs can be
 made across weapons systems: *Trident* should be cancelled to avoid a new and
 provocative contribution to the nuclear arms race and demonstrate our commitment to
 arms control; *Polaris* should be included in the merged START and INF talks
 as a further contribution to the prospects of multilateral disarmament.

- the Geneva negotiations should be pursued to a successful conclusion. Before
 deciding whether or not to oppose the deployment of Cruise missiles in Britain, an
 Alliance Government will take account in particular, of the negotiating position of
 the Soviet Union and the United States; the attitude of our NATO partners in
 Europe; and whether arrangements for a double safety-catch system have been
 agreed;

- if successful progress in nuclear weapons reductions has not been achieved in
 the negotiations at Geneva, an Alliance Government *will explore the
 opportunities for a verifiable, mutual freeze on the production and deployment of
 all nuclear weapons;*

- we strongly support an agreement between East and West to *ban* the
 production and possession of *chemical weapons* and we would work for mutual
 and balanced force reductions in Europe and a comprehensive test ban to strengthen
 the Non-Proliferation Treaty;

- on *international security,* we support the recommendations in the Palme
 Report, and wish to see the UN's peace-keeping role strengthened, and increased
 powers given to the UN Secretary-General. An Alliance Government will press for a
 European initiative to register the sale of arms to third world countries, and will
 act to end sales of British arms to regimes which persistently and brutally violate
 human rights.

This set of policies - stressing disarmament on both sides, a nuclear weapon-free zone in
Europe, strengthened conventional forces for NATO and reduced NATO reliance on nuclear weapons,
the cancellation of Trident and the inclusion of Polaris in disarmament negotiations - *will
reduce the danger of nuclear conflict* and increase Britain's security.

### Membership of the European Community

The Alliance is wholly committed to continuing UK membership of the European Community.
Membership has increased our political influence with our European neighbours and in the world
beyond. Continued membership is also unequivocally to our economic advantage. The community is
by far Britain's largest trading partner, with over half of our exports going to community
countries or countries with whom they have Free Trade Agreements. It also provides an
influential framework for the discussion of the Irish problem between two member states,
ourselves and the Irish Republic. Withdrawal, to which Labour is committed would have a highly
destructive effect on exports and hence on jobs. We would also lose a great deal of foreign,
particularly US investment which has come here because we are in the Community.

The Alliance advocates further development of the Community and new common policies. At the
same time however, there is a great deal wrong with the structure of existing policies, and we
will take the lead in putting things right.

First, we support political development of the Community through adoption of the common
electoral system for the 1984 direct elections to the European Parliament; more majority
voting in the Council of Ministers; and greater involvement of the European Parliament in the
appointment of the Commission.

Second, to correct the imbalance in existing activities, an Alliance Government will press for
expansion of Community activity on regional and social policies, industrial innovation, energy
conservation and the development of renewable sources of energy. To develop new policies we
accept the need for an increase in community revenues on a more diversified and fairer basis.
We will work for some reduction in the agriculture budget first by holding back intervention
prices for agricultural products in surplus and if need be by setting a limit on the quantities
of production eligible for intervention support.

These are important policies which will help to solve the British budget problem, help solve
some of Europe's most chronic difficulties such as the imbalance of wealth and development
between regions, and switch the balance of Community activities more directly in line with
Britain's needs.

Third, we will take the lead in advocating the development of new policies where Europe has
everything to gain from standing together. We must increasingly stand together in trade talks,
following the pattern of the recent Multi-Fibre Arrangement talks and GATT talks in which the
Commission spoke for the Community. We must increase political co-operation to reach consensus
on foreign policy questions and be prepared to move into new areas such as a common procurement
policy for defence. We need to develop a Community industrial policy to spend money on easing
the pain for areas dependent on declining industries and also in encouraging new, high
technology investment. And we need to develop and back initiatives at European level through
the Social Fund aimed at reducing youth unemployment from 25 per cent to the level of general
unemployment. There is great scope for launching joint economic policies and an Alliance
government will take the lead in advocating them. Fourth, an Alliance government will make
Britain a full member of the European Monetary System in order to iron out the wild
fluctuations in the exchange rate which have done such damage to exports and jobs over the
last few years.

### Helping the World's Poor

Conservative policy towards the poor countries of the world has been mean and short sighted,
reducing the level of British aid and effectively excluding Third World students from our
higher education system. The widespread pursuit of restrictive policies has plunged the world
into the worst slump for 50 years, and the poor countries have suffered most. On the other
hand, Labour's restrictive trade policies would be extremely damaging to the developing world.
There is no hope for them or for the rest of the world if protection leads on to waves of
retaliation and countries destroy each other's markets, sending the world economy spiralling
further downwards.

We want to do two things. First, to advocate joint policies, to be developed and implemented by
the major industrial countries, to take the world out of slump. We advocate co-ordinated
action:

- a) *joint expansionary measures* following the example of the 1978 Bonn
 Economic Summit, so that the main countries expand together, so managing to avoid
 balance of payments difficulties and the inflationary consequences of collapsing
 currencies;

- b) *monetary stability.* Co-operation between the three main currency
 blocs - the US, Japan and the EMS (including Britain) - to keep their currencies
 stable;

- c) *Additional finance for the developing world* so that general
 expansion is not frustrated by credit constraints - increased resources for the IMF
 and World Bank, and fresh issues of international money (Special Drawing
 Rights).

International policies of this kind could chart the way out of recession. In so doing they
would help developing countries - and, indeed, the developed countries alike - than any
foreseeable increases in levels of aid. However, Britain has a significant individual
contribution to make to Third World development through its own aid programme. An Alliance
government would:

- increase the proportion of GNP spent on aid over 5 years to 0.7 per cent;

- concentrate aid on the poorest countries and on the poorest people in those
 countries;

- increase financial support for the work of voluntary agencies, stressing
 urgent projects;

- promote more generous funding for overseas students, especially those from the
 poorest countries and the poorest students from other countries;

- support the principles of the Brandt Report, and in particular the proposals
 for increased credit through the international institutions.

The programme of reform set out in this document rivals in scope and imagination that of the
liberal reforming government of 1906-11 or the Attlee administration of 1945-51. It is a
formidable challenge to the nation to opt for a decisive change of course to put things right.
There is no chance that either of the two old class parties will carry out any of the
fundamental reforms - to the system of pay determination, or the structure of industrial
relations, or the welfare state or the political system - advocated in this document, all of
which are now desperately needed. The Alliance alone provides the opportunity to decide against
the failures of the past and offers new hope for the renewal and rejuvenation of our country.

**Liberal / SDP / Libdem Manifestos**